花生表型及SSR遗传多样性的研究

Phenotype and SSR-Based Genetic Diversity Assessment in Peanut

对山西省农业科学院经济作物研究所保存的75份花生材料(包括28个已审定的花生品种和47个地方品种)进行了包括株型、茸毛的有无、叶色、粒形、叶形、生长习性、开花习性、粒大小、粒色等表型性状的Shannon-Weaver遗传多样性指数(简称SWI)和Simpson遗传多样性指数(简称SI)分析。结果表明:参试的75份花生品种遗传多样性指数分别为SWI=0.924,SI=0.500,其中以开花习性最低(SWI=0.139,SI=0.014),而Shannon-Weaver指数以粒色最高为1.841,Simpson指数为0.712。利用48对SSR引物对这些材料进行了遗传多样性分析,结果如下:(1)在48对花生的SSR引物中,有35对(占所用引物总数的72.9%)具有多态性,共检测到215条多态性条带,平均每对引物可扩增6条多态性带。(2)根据SSR扩增结果对75份材料的聚类分析结果表明,这些材料的相似系数(GS)为0.25～0.85,平均GS值为0.55。28个审定品种的相似系数为0.39～0.85,平均为0.60。

The study had analyzed the Shannon-Weaver and Simpson indexes of phenotypic traits including plant type,presence or absence of hair,grain color,grain shape,leaf shape,habit of growth,flowering habit,particle size,particle color on 75 peanut cultivars（28 identified cultivars and 47 local cultivars）from Institute of Industrial Crops,Shanxi Academy of Agricultral Science.The results showed that genetic diversity index of 75 peanut cultivars were SWI=0.924,SI=0.500 respectively,flowering habit was the lowest（SWI= 0.139,SI=0.014）,while Shannon-Weaver index of grain color was the highest with value of 1.841,and Simpson index was 0.712.48 pairs SSR markers of peanut were used to analyse genetic diversity of the tested materials,the results were as follows：（1）35 pairs SSR markers（72.9%）were polymorphic,and 215 polymorphic bands had been detected,6 polymorphic bands could be detected by each marker averagely.（2）On the basis of the results,the genetic similarity（GS）among 75 peanut cultivars were in a range from 0.25 to 0.85,with the mean of 0.55,and the average genetic similarity among the 28 identified cultivars were 0.6 at a range of 0.39-0.85.