从《童溪易传》看王宗传的政治哲学观

On the Political Philosophy Conceived in Tongxi Yizhuan

王宗传以心解《易》,提出人之"扩然大公"之心是万物存在的价值根基,圣人之心是人之"扩然大公"之心的典范,与天地生物之心具有相同的功能。因此在政治上提倡圣贤执政,而圣贤的执政方式便是以其本心化成天下、教化万民,使万民各遂其性。化成天下意味着一种普遍性,这与现实的有限性存在矛盾,因此必须解决两大问题:一是如何处理南宋与敌对外族的关系;二是如何理解朝代与朝代之间更替的断裂性和化成天下的延续性。从中我们可以看出,王氏理论既包容于整体上的宋代政治哲学,又体现出它的独特性。

WANG Zong-chuan （ a Yi-ologist in the Southern Song Dynasty ） proposed human innate heart is the value base for the existence and the heart of sages can completely demonstrate human innate heart. The heart of sages has the equal function with the heart of heaven and earth in the way of creation. So WANG advocated governance by sages who teach the common people to act according to their innate heart. This idea designates a universality which is contradictive to the reality related to two facts, one is the relation between the Southern Song and the foreign tribes, the other is the Dynastic succession and the implicit rule. From the above, we can see WANG＇s theory not only has the common character of the political philosophy in the Southern Song Dynasty but also has its own specificality.