北京郊区非物质文化遗产及其在乡村旅游中的利用研究

The utilization of Intangible Cultural Heritage in rural tourism in the suburbs of Beijing

北京郊区包括门头沟、房山、通州、顺义、大兴、昌平、怀柔、平谷等八个区和密云、延庆两县,是首都北京的重要组成部分.在漫长的历史发展过程中,积淀了丰富的非物质文化遗产.它们是中华民族智慧与文明的结晶,是北京历史发展的见证,它们与物质文化遗产共同承载着北京的文化传统和文化精神.但是随着首都经济的快速发展和人民群众文化生活的多样化,北京郊区非物质文化遗产的生存环境发生了很大变化,一些非物质文化遗产面临濒危的境地.而京郊现有的吃农家饭,住农家屋、种植、采摘、收获等原有休闲旅游形式,已经不能满足消费者多元化的需求,特别是文化需求,乡村旅游的文化升级势在必行.京郊丰富的非物质文化遗产既是北京历史发展的见证,又是宝贵的文化旅游资源.对其进行合理的开发利用,既是保护遗产、发挥遗产价值的需要,也是丰富乡村旅游产品,满足市场多元化的需要.本文在全面分析北京郊区非物质文化遗产现状特点的基础上,探讨非物质文化遗产在乡村旅游中的利用方法与途径,以期为保护和传承北京郊区非物质文化遗产提供借鉴与参考.

The suburbs of Beijing is composed of eight districts and two counties,namely Mentougou,Fangshan,Tongzhou,Shunyi,Daxing,Changping,Huairou,Pinggu,Miyun and Yanqing.In the long history of social development,abundant intangible cultural heritages has been created and preserved.These intangible cultural heritages are the Crystallization of Chinese races＇ wisdom and civilization,as well as the witness of the development of Beijing.They carry the cultural tradition and spirit of Beijing together with other cultural heritages. The suburbs of Beijing is composed of eight districts and two counties,namely Mentougou,Fangshan,Tongzhou,Shunyi,Daxing,Changping,Huairou,Pinggu,Miyun and Yanqing.In the long history of social development,abundant intangible cultural heritages has been created and preserved.These intangible cultural heritages are the Crystallization of Chinese races＇ wisdom and civilization,as well as the witness of the development of Beijing.They carry the cultural tradition and spirit of Beijing together with other cultural heritages. The rational development and utilization of the intangible cultural heritages locating in the suburbs of Beijing is not only out of the demand of protecting the heritages and their values,but also is important to enrich the category of rural tourism products and meet the diversified needs.Based on the comprehensive analysis of the intangible cultural heritages of Beijing suburbs,the paper discusses the methods and approaches of utilizing intangible cultural heritages in rural tourism and intends to provide references and guidance pertinent to protect and develop intangible cultural heritages in suburbs of Beijing.