河源2010～2011年狂犬病流行病学及临床特征

The epidemiological and clinical characteristic of rabies in Heyuan area during 2010 to 2011

目的总结狂犬病流行病学和临床特征。方法回顾分析2010年1月～2011年9月我院感染科收治的22例狂犬病住院病例资料。结果农民和少儿为高危人群;77.2%有暴露史,暴露后无1例规范处理伤口、应用疫苗及免疫血清;潜伏期最短12d,最长30年余;首发症状多样,但普遍有烦躁不安、失眠(90.9%),后续特征表现为恐风怕水、惊恐不安(81.8%)、多汗、多涎(86.3%)以及咽肌痉挛、呼吸困难(81.8%);90.9%须予镇静剂;起病后生存期36h～9d,病死率100%。结论狂犬病目前不可治,重在预防,暴露后应正确处理,充分认识其特征,避免误诊。

Objective To summary and analysis epidemiological and clinical characteristic of rabies. Methods Retrospec- tive analysis was performed on the data of 22 cases rabiators from 2010 to 2011 in department of infectious diseases. Re- suits Farmers and children were high risk people of rabies; 77.2% of rabiators had exposure but no one post-exposure case managed wound, vaccinated and applied immune serum by standards; the shortest latency was 12 days, and the longest 30 years; the initial symptom was varied, but restlessness and insomnia were common （90.9%）; the follow-up characteristic manifestation were fearing of wind and water, panic （81.8%）, sweat and hypersalivation （86.3%）, throat spasm and dysp- nea （81.8%） ; 90.9% of rabiators had to be given calmative; survival period after onset was 36h to 9 days and the mor- tality was 100%. Conclusion So far, there is no effective treatment of rabies yet. Prophylaxis is the most important, and stress standard management for post-exposure is necessary. We should take an adequate realization of this disease in order to avoid misdiagnosis.