西汉前期的策问与对策初探

On the Early Western Han Dynasty's Questions and Answers on Politics

策问与对策作为一种制度化的考试方法确立于西汉前期。汉文帝时期两次诏举贤良是策试制度化的开始。汉武帝建元元年的举贤良方正直言极谏之士,出现了董仲舒的三次对策。汉武帝元光元年的策问,出现了公孙弘的对策。西汉前期是古代策试制度化的重要时期,它确实选拔出了真正的人才,对中华文化的发展产生了深远的影响。

Questions and answers on policies as a systematic examination method established in the early Western Han Dynasty.The beginning of the method started from Emperor Wen of Han recruiting talents for two times.In 135BC when Emperor Wu of Han reigned,there emerged three famous ＂questions and answers on policies＂ between the emperor and the scholar Dong Zhongshu（179-104BC）.By the first year of Guanyuan（134BC-129BC）,he asked questions on policies to the scholar Gongsun Hong who gave brilliant answers.The early period of Western Han Dynasty as a crucial time for this kind of imperial examination selects the talents and casts a profound impact on the Chinese culture.