论美国自然主义文学的嬗变

On the Transmutation of American Naturalist Literature

美国文学从自然主义文学开始至20世纪50年代异军突起,占据世界文坛重要地位,但文论界对美国自然主义文学之后的发展脉络界定模糊,以至出现断裂感。分析美国社会史实可以论证,自然主义思潮进入美国后迅即嬗变为社会达尔文主义,成为主导美国社会的核心价值观,正是这种嬗变所产生的张力和冲突构成20世纪美国文学乃至文化发展的主要驱动力,以"迷惘的一代"为缘起、"垮掉的一代"为高潮,最终汇聚为美国反文化大潮。

American literature flourished between the late 19th century and the 50s of the 20th century,occupying an important position in world literature,yet,the main thread of its development was obscure;sometimes,a breakage occurred in American cultural studies.This article,in historical analytic approach,points out that as soon as naturalism was introduced into American literature,it immediately evolved into Social Darwinism which dominated value system of American society.It is the tension and conflict caused by the opposing forces that produced a great impetus on the development of American literature in 20th century manifested in the emergence of 'Lost Generation' and in the climax of 'The Beat Generation' of American counter-culture.