哲学的正途:方东美哲学观疏论

The Right Path for Philosophy:Thomé Fang's Conception of Philosophy

20世纪初,科学主义的僭妄使在中国尚属新兴学科之哲学的面目愈加模糊,地位日益衰落、价值弥为虚妄。临此哲学危境,方东美批判科学主义"齐物论"的僭妄对物质科学、心理科学、人类文化和精神的危害,拨正时人关于科学与哲学的四大惑见,并客观、平等地辩证二者在主体气质、学科性质、志趣、视阈、方法、致思趋向、宇宙观等九个方面的分别,并从人类文化观视阈考论史上"宗教的"、"科学的"、"人文的"三大哲学径路或形态之优劣,指明"困难最少的人本主义途径"才是人类哲学唯一可以积健为雄的未来走向与正途。

During the first decades of the 20th century scientism gained tremendous popularity throughout the world.This unfavorable climate made it extremely difficult for philosophy to take root in China,for without a good understanding of the nature of the philosophical as opposed to the scientific,Chinese intellectuals tended to depreciate the value of philosophy.Thomé Fang was deeply worried about the difficult situation for the development of philosophy.He fiercely criticized the reductionistic tendency of scientism,pointing out that reductionism would exert a negative influence over physics,psychology and human culture and spirituality in general.Fang set out to correct four prevalent misconceptions about philosophy and science.He tried to distinguish between the natures of philosophy and science by objectively analyzing nine aspects of both discourses,including character of the philosopher or of the scientist,nature of the discourse,interest,horizon,method,mode of thinking and world view.Three different philosophical approaches,that is,the approaches akin to religion,to natural science and to human science,were brought under scrutiny.He then arrived at a conclusion that the only right path for philosophy is the ＂humanist path that has least difficulty.＂ Fang believed that only in this way can philosophy gradually prevail in a long run.