两次世界大战之间德国的对外贸易

Germany's foreign trade between World War Ⅰ and Ⅱ

德国在两次世界大战之间的对外贸易以20世纪20年代末的世界经济危机为分水岭,经济危机前对外贸易迅速复苏并不断攀升,之后则节节下降,到30年代末逐渐又呈上升态势。一战后德国进口商品以原料和生活资料为大宗,但在世界经济危机的冲击下,社会民众生活贫困,购买力也急剧下降,国内市场不断萎缩;出口市场以成品和半成品为主,体现了德国化工、机械、钢铁等传统优势行业在世界市场上的竞争力,而食品出口的比重则在不断降低,到30年代末,已处于无足轻重的地位。

Germany＇s foreign trade between the two World Wars is divided into two phases by the Great Depression in the late 1920＇s.Before the Depression,post-war trade recovered rapidly and was steadily rising but declined afterwards until its re-growth in the late 1930＇s.After World War I,raw materials and groceries dominated Germany＇s imports.However,under the influence of the Great Depression,Germans＇ purchasing power decreased steeply and the domestic market shrank.Exports featured finished and semi-finished products,which reflect Germany＇s traditional competitiveness in the chemical,mechanical and steel industries.In contrast,the percentage of exported food dwindled steadily and was negligible by the late 1930＇s.