青岛不同野生群体的单倍体和二倍体龙须菜的AFLP遗传多样性分析与比较

Analysis and Comparison on Genetic Diversity of Haploid and Diploid Gracilaria lemaneiformis Polulations from Different Places of Qingdao By AFLP

以青岛湛山湾的单倍体和二倍体龙须菜以及青岛台湾路的单倍体和二倍体龙须菜为实验材料,采用AFLP技术,分析了不同地理群体内单倍体和二倍体种群以及不同世代种群间的遗传变异参数。湛山湾单倍体种群的Na(1.169 9)、Ne(1.095 0)、H(0.058 2)、I(0.088 4)与二倍体种群的Na(1.333 3)、Ne(1.227 0)、H(0.129 7)、I(0.190 8),以及台湾路单倍体种群的Na(1.137 3)、Ne(1.089 9)、H(0.050 4)、I(0.074 6)与二倍体种群的Na(1.209 2)、Ne(1.138 6)、H(0.082 5)、I(0.121 9)相比较,可以看出不同世代倍性的龙须菜的遗传多样性是有差别的,同一地理群体的二倍体在遗传变异上高于单倍体;而且湛山湾-台湾路单倍体种群间的Ht(0.058 1)、Gst(0.066 9)、Nm(6.968 3)和二倍体种群间Ht(0.179 9)、Gst(0.327 1)、Nm(1.028 5)的数值也有很大差别,单倍体和二倍体是处于不同分化层次的2个种群,根据Wright对Nm的研究可知,单倍体种群是中度分化的种群,二倍体种群是高度分化的种群。通过分析可知,龙须菜的遗传多样性水平较低,这为育种策略的选择提供了依据。

Inter-and intra-population genetic diversity of haploid and diploid Gracilaria lemaneiformis samples from Zhanshan Bay and Taiwan Road of Qingdao were analyzed by AFLP technique.The Na,Ne,H and I was 1.1699,1.095,0.0582,0.0884 for haploid population and 1.333,1.2270,0.1297,0.1908 for diploid population of Zhanshan Bay,respectively.The above genetic index was 1.1373,1.0899,0.0504,0.0746 for haploid and 1.2092,1.1386,0.0825,0.1219 for diploid of Taiwan Road,respectively.Genetic diversity between different phases was revealed by the comparison of genetic index.The diploid showed higher genetic variation than haploid from the same geographical population.The genetic diversity influenced by phases was stronger than those from geographical or environmental factors.The Ht,Gst and Nm of haploid population between Zhanshan Bay and Taiwan Road was 0.0581,0.0669 and 6.9683 respectively,which showed great difference compared with those of diploid population,with Ht 0.1799,Gst 0.3271 and Nm 1.0285.Haploid and diploid populations are two populations located at different differentiation level.A strong gene flow between haploid populations was displayed.The genetic diversity was low in G.lemaneiformis.The data supplied support for selection of breeding strategy.