中国-巴基斯坦喀喇昆仑公路沿线植被调查初报

A Preliminary Report about Vegetation Investigated along the China-Pakistan Karakoram Highway

采用定点和随机选取典型样线和样地的植被调查方法,于2009年9月和2010年9月对中国-巴基斯坦喀喇昆仑公路沿线植被进行了实地调查。共实测样线14个,样方74个,记录样21个。利用野外实测数据并结合相关研究结果,按照植物群落学-生态学原则,确定了中国-巴基斯坦喀喇昆仑公路沿线植被类型,对每个植被类型特征及分布进行了详细描述,并对研究区植被分布规律进行了总结。结果显示:中国-巴基斯坦喀喇昆仑公路沿线的植被可分为5个植被类型,11个植被亚型,19个群系。其中,荒漠植被类型最多,分布范围最广,草原植被类型最少,分布范围最窄,山地落叶阔叶林分布面积最小。植被垂直带谱明显,海拔4 000 m以下为山地荒漠带,海拔4 000～4 550 m为高寒荒漠带,海拔4 550～4 650 m为高寒草原带,海拔4 650 m以上为高山草甸带。研究结果对中国-巴基斯坦喀喇昆仑公路沿线植物保护、植被恢复和重建具有指导意义。

This paper reports the preliminary results of vegetation surveyed along the China-Pakistan Karakoram Highway.A field vegetation investigation was carried out in 74 sample plots along the selected and randomly-selected 14 typical sample lines in September 2009 and September 2010.Length of the sample lines was designed for about 200 m based on the local topographical conditions,the plot size for grasslands was 1 m×1 m or 5 m×5 m,and that for shrubberies was 5 m×5 m or 10 m×10 m,respectively.In the paper,the vegetation types along the highway were determined using the Phytocoenology-Ecology principles,and the properties and distribution of each vegetation type were described in detail.The results show that vegetation along the highway can be classified into 5 types,11 subtypes and 19 formations.Among these vegetation types,desert vegetation is distributed most widely,distribution of grassland vegetation is the lowest,and mountain deciduous broadleaf forest is the smallest vegetation type in this area.Vertical vegetation belts are very clear.According to the elevation,vegetation there can be divided into mountain desert belt（below 4 000 m a.s.l.）,alpine Hungriness belt（4 000-4 550 m）,alpine steppe belt（4 550～4 650 m） and mountain meadow belt（above 4 650 m）.The results of this study are significant for conserving and regenerating vegetation along the China-Pakistan Karakoram Highway.