仁与宋明理学的基本特征

On "Ren" and the Basic Characteristics of NeoConfucianism

宋明理学是新儒学,仁集中体现了宋明理学的这一特征——既是对孔孟思想的继承,又是创新:如果说宋明理学家对仁的重视秉持了孔孟的思想旨趣的话,那么,对仁者与天地万物为一体的诠释则体现了有别于孔孟的新认识。在对仁的诠释和论证中,宋明理学家一面强调仁与爱密切相关,一面将仁界定为"爱之理",在爱、恕、公的相互作用中臻于仁的与天地万物为一体,同时强调仁之一体中的差等和厚薄,最终将基于宇宙秩序的一体而等差贯彻到社会秩序和家庭秩序之中。

NeoConfucianism is kind of Neo-Confucianism whose characteristics have been embodied especially by ＂Ren＂ as not only inheritage but also innovation of Confucius and Meneius＇s thoughts. If their emphasis on ＂Ren＂ has highlighted the objective purport of Confucius and Mencius＇s thoughts, then annotations of ＂benevolent people＂ and ＂unity of the universe＂ will reflect their distinguishing ideas from Confucius and Meneius＇s. When annotating and expounding ＂Ren＂, NeoConfucianists, on the one hand, emphasizes the relation between ＂Ren＂ and love, on the other hand, defines it as ＂reasoning love＂ which can also become ＂unity of the universe＂ only if it pebbles into ＂Ren＂ with the interaction of love, forgiveness and impartiality. What＇s more, they also emphasizes the differentials within ＂Ren＂ itself which will be adopted into the social and family orders with the unity of the universal ones.