政策网络理论的回顾与反思

The summary about Policy network theory

政策网络是由多元行动主体在政策过程中形成的复杂关系联结,是政策过程中国家与社会之间不同互动关系类型的总称。政策网络理论根源于西方公共政策实践发展的需要,也是现代西方政府管理的客观要求。从本质上说,政策网络是对多元主义、法团主义的有效纠正和超越,是一种不同于市场、科层的社会协调机制,其本质是一种新型的集体行动。政策网络对政策结果的影响既取决于行动主体本身在政策网络结构中的位置,也取决于相关行动者在政策网络中所处的利益博弈格局。政策网络内不同行动者彼此依赖,并按照网络规则博弈、互动,最终形成一致网络目标。

Policy network is a complex relationship connection in policy process by multivariate actors, and is a name for all relationship types between nations and societies in policy process. Policy network theory rooted in the practice of western public policy, and is also objective requirement in modern western government administration. In essence, policy network is the effective rectification and surpass to pluralism and cororatism, is a social coordinating mechanism different from market and bureaucracy, and is new-type collective action in nature. Its influences on policy depend on both the position of the actor in the policy network structure, and the relevant actors' position in the interest competition pattern of the policy network. The different actors in policy network rely on each other, compete and interact according to network rules, and form concurrent network object finally.