先秦“家语”文献的编纂、分类及文体意义

The pre-Qin "JiaYu" Documents Compilation,Classification and Stylistic Meaning

语类文献是先秦时期非常重要的一种文类,它以载录人物言论为其基本文体特征。倘若采用不同的分类标准,语类文献可以划分为不同的类型。从编纂单位的差异来看,先秦语类文献经历了由"国语"到"家语"的演变过程,在"家语"阶段,又呈现大夫"家语"和诸子"家语"两个类型。这种演化主要是由先秦史官文献编纂意识及方式的演变与私学风气的兴起而造成的。从发展过程来看,"家语"改变"国语"重在以"国"为单位的编纂方式,它强调的是个体言论的编纂。这种编纂主要是基于"立言"乃至学派传承的目的。对于"家语"文献的探究,不但对于把握先秦语类文献的沿革有着重要的意义,同时对于理解诸子文献的生成及其演变也有着非常重要的作用。

Yu Document is a very important text type in pre-Qin period,It recorded figures of speech as its basic stylistic features.If using different classification criteria,Yu Document can be divided into different types.From the compilation units of the differences.The Yu Documents of pre-Qin experienced by the ＂GuoYu＂ to ＂JiaYu＂ process of evolution.In ＂JiaYu＂ stage,which presents two types of the Literati＇s ＂JiaYu＂ and Philosophers＇s ＂JiaYu＂.This evolution is mainly Caused by the evoluting of the pre-Qin historian＇ Compilation of literature consciousness and method and rising of private school ethos.From the point of development process,＂JiaYu＂ changed ＂GuoYu＂ focusing on ＂country＂ as the unit of codified manner,It is emphasized that the individual speech compilated.This compilation is based mainly on the ＂Speech＂ and the purpose of school heritage.For ＂JiaYu＂ Document research,not only to grasp the Yu Documents of pre-Qin is of important significance,at the same time for understanding the formation and evolution of Philosophers＇s Documents has a very important role also.