资源转型城市职业卫生现状及管理模式探讨

Current situation and management mode of occupational health in transformation of resource-based cities

目的研究白银市职业卫生工作现状,探索建立适合白银市经济发展和保障职业人群健康的职业卫生管理模式,并为其他资源型城市提供可借鉴的职业卫生管理经验。方法通过横断面调查、回顾性分析等流行病学研究方法,对白银市职业卫生工作现状进行分析。结果白银市在资源转型期职业病危害不断加重,尘肺及急慢性职业病不断增加,各工业企业职业卫生管理机构、制度不健全,不完善,工业企业职工职业健康检查覆盖率较低,职业病防治措施不到位,劳动者自我保护意识不强。结论通过对白银市职业卫生工作现状进行系统分析后,提出了建立以政府组织、部门协调、用人单位负责的职业卫生服务体系、健康教育体系、职业病监测预警体系、职业中毒应急体系、职业病防治信息网络体系及职业卫生监督体系模式,建议实行政府绩效考核、基本职业卫生服务、规范化监督管理的职业卫生管理运行机制,为各级政府进一步加强职业病防治工作提供科学依据。

[Objective]To study the current situation of occupational health in Baiyin city,explore and establish the mode of occupational health management that is suitable for economic development and can ensure health of occupational population,and provide the experience of occupational health management for other resource-based cities. [Methods]The current situation of occupational health in Baiyin city was analyzed by the cross-sectional study and retrospective analysis. [Results]The occupational hazards in Baiyin city became more serious during resources transformation period,the incidence of pneumoconiosis and acute or chronic occupational disease increased continuously,and the institutions and systems of occupational health management in industrial enterprises were imperfect.The coverage rates of occupational health medical examination of workers in industrial enterprises were low,the prevention and control measures of occupational disease were not satisfactory,and the self-protection consciousness of workers should be improved. [Conclusion]After analyzing the current situation of the occupational health in Baiyin city,it is to important to establish the modes of occupational health service system,health education system,monitoring and alert system of the occupational disease,emergency system of the occupational poisoning,occupational disease information network system and occupational health supervision system,which is implemented by the cooperation of government,departments and enterprises.It is necessary to carry out the operating mechanism of the occupational health management including performance appraisal,basic occupational health service and standardize supervision,in order to provide scientific basis for further prevention and treatment of occupational diseases.