城市湿地生态系统的结构特征及现存问题

Structural Feature and Existing Problems on Urban Wetland Ecosystem

对我国城市湿地生态系统的结构特征和存在问题进行了综述。目前我国城市湿地生态系统的结构特征表现为面积小、分布不均、空间结构和营养结构简单、稳定性低、脆弱性强,同时其形态结构具有显著的景观美学特征,但受水环境因素的制约性强。目前的主要问题是:湿地面积迅速减少、空间结构脆弱性加剧、环境污染加剧、生物多样性降低、生物入侵严重、生态系统稳定性下降、水土流失与湖泊淤积严重、规划设计不当、人为干预强烈。通过综述,将增加人们对城市湿地生态系统结构的深入认识,为开展科学保护、建设、开发、利用活动和促进城市可持续发展提供依据。

In this paper,the urban wetland ecosystem in China was summarized from its structural features and present problems. The feature of urban wetland ecosystems could be observed as small area,simple spatial structure,simple trophic chain structure with low stability and high vulnerability. Its morphological structure showed remarkable aesthetic characteristic but greatly restricted by the aquatic environmental factor. However, many problems presented in the urban wetland ecosystem including rapid declining area, strong vulnerability of spatial structure, rapid reduction of the biodi- versity, severe environmental pollution, serious hio- invasion, low ecosystem stability, critical soil erosion and lake deposition, unreasonable planning, forceful human intervention,etc. This smnmarization would be benefit for a better understanding of the urban wetland ecosystem structure and provides evidences for the protection, construction, exploitation and utilization of the urban wetland ecosystem, promoting the urban sustainable development.