蛋白酶与表面活性剂对丝织文物上血渍协同清洗条件的优化

Optimization of removal of the blood stains on silk relics with the use of protease and surfactant

丝织文物是研究我国古代刺绣技术和文化艺术发展史的珍贵实物资料,因此丝织文物的保护对中国文物事业县有重要的地位和意义。由于尸体腐烂和墓葬埋藏环境等因素的作用,有些丝织文物表面会补血渍污染,这种污染物紧密黏附在丝织文物的表面且具难溶性不易清洗去除如何选择合适的清洗方法低机械强度地去除这些血渍成为丝织文物修复的关键。为此,本实验考察了蛋白酶和表面活性剂对丝织文物上血渍进行协同清洗的效果首先对蛋白酶和表面活性剂进行筛选,然后对蛋白酶和表面活性剂的使用浓度、清洗时间和浸泡温度等参数进行了优化试验结果表明:最通蛋白酶和表而活性剂分别为Savinase和APG,其最适浓度分别为1%和5%;最近浸泡温度和时间分别为50℃和30min拉力强度检测和扫描电镜分析表明,此条件清洗后对丝织品的抗拉强度和蚕丝微观形态影响不大在此基础上,对元代丝织文物残片进行了清洗,效果良好。本研究为丝织文物上血渍的清洗提供了一种新的较温和的清洗方法。

Silk relics are valuable materials for studying the ancient embroidery technology,culture and art history of China.The protection of the silk relics is of great significance to Chinas cultural relic status.However,silk relics may be polluted by blood as the bodies decay and as the environment in the graves changes.Blood stains,having low solubility and being closely attached to the silk,made cleaning difficult.So the choice of the right detergent lor removing the blood stains with minimal mechanical agitation becomes critical for the conservation of silk relics. This research investigated the cooperative effects of using a protease and a surfactant to remove blood stains.First suitable proteases and surfactants were screened.Then the cleaning parameters,such as dosage concentration,soaking time and soaking temperature,were optimized.The results showed that the optimal protease and surfactant are Savinase and alkyl polyglycoside（APG） respectively.The optimal concentration of Savinase is 1%and that of APG is 5%.The best of the soaking time and soaking temperature were 30 min and 50℃respectively.After treatment, scanning electron microscope（SEM） and tensile strength tests were used to check the cooperative cleaning effects of Savinase and APG.The results showed that there was little impact on the silk ＇s structure and tensile strength after cleaning.This cleaning technology was applied to silk fragment relics of Yuan Dynasty,with good results. This research provided a new mild method to remove the blood stains on silk relics.