云南德宏1982～2010年鼠疫流行特征及防治效果分析

Analysis for epidemic characters and prevention and control effect of plague in dehong prefecture,Yunnan Province,1982 to 2010

目的分析德宏州鼠疫流行特征及防治效果,为制定防治策略提供科学依据。方法收集德宏州动物和人间鼠疫疫情及防治工作资料,进行描述流行病学分析和防治效果评价。结果 1982～2010年德宏州有25年次发生鼠疫流行,判定动物鼠疫疫点497个,疫情波及5县(市)41个乡(镇)319个自然村或单位。有9年次发生人间鼠疫,病例数39例,其中腺鼠疫38例,败血型鼠疫1例,病人全部治愈。2004年人间鼠疫得到控制,2008年动物鼠疫得到控制。结论德宏州属家鼠鼠疫自然疫源地,辖区内鼠疫宿主和媒介均不冬眠,家野兼栖,活动范围大,动物鼠疫常年均可发生,人群因接触疫鼠、疫蚤感染发病。应继续抓好鼠疫"疫情三报",认真开展鼠疫监测,对鼠疫好发和鼠蚤密度超标地区实施预防性灭鼠灭蚤,完善各项防治措施,才能有效预防和控制鼠疫的发生和流行。

Objective To analyze epidemic characters and prevention and control effect of plague and provide a science basis for establishing the strategies of plague prevention and control. Methods Data on animal and human plague epidemic situation and plague prevention and control in Dehong Prefectm＇e were collected and analyzed using descriptive epidemiology, and plague con- trol and prevention effcts were evaluated. Results Front 1982 to 2010, plague epidemic experienced 25 years/times, 497 an- imal plague loci were confirmed, and 319 natural villages or units in 41 townships of 5 counties （cities） were inwflved. Human plague experienced 9 years/times and lotal number of human cases was 39 （ including 38 bubonic plague cases and I septicemic plague case）. All cases recovered after appropriate treatment. No human plague case was reported after 2004 and no animal plague epidemic was reported after 2008. Conclusion Plague focus in Dehong Prefecture belongs to one of eommensal rodent plague loci. Host and vector without hibernation live around household and wild fields and its activating territory is wider. Animal plague can occur whole year. Local people easily get plague infection for contacting rodent and flea. Plague surveillance and ＂ three report of epidemic situation＂ shouhl be seriously implemented. In those areas where plague easily occurs and the density tbr rodent and flea is higher, killing rodents and fleas and improving prevention and control measures will be effective strategies tot preventing and control plague occurrence and epidemic.