表面多次波压制的研究进展:回顾与展望

Investigation progress on surface-related multiple suppression:review and outlook

在绝大多数的地震资料处理中,将多次波视为相干噪音进行压制.表面多次波的压制方法主要分为两大类:基于波动方程预测的预测减去法和基于信号处理的滤波法.本文系统地回顾了两类多次波压制方法,分析了各种方法处理各类介质的优势及存在问题.本文也阐述了基于波动方程预测的自适应相减方法的发展.分析了多次波压制方法的发展趋势,随着GPU(图形处理器)等计算机硬件加速技术以及采集技术的快速发展,基于波动方程的SRME(surface-related multiple elimination)方法将是今后多次波压制的重要发展趋势之一,同时综合应用基于波动方程预测的方法和滤波法也是提高多次波压制效果的重要思路.

Two ways can be used to cope with multiple suppression. Multiple imaging, however, is still restricted to suppressed as coherent noise during seismic data processing. problem. They are multiples imaging and multiples theory investigation currentlly. Multiples usually are Suppression methods for surface-related multiple are mainly classified into two categories. They are the methods based on wave equation prediction and filter method based on signal processing. The former includes wavefield extrapolation, feedback iteration and inverse scattering series method. The latter includes F-K filter, Radon transform, CMP stack, Beamforming, predictive deconvolution method. Two classes multiple suppression ways are reviewed in the paper. The advantage and present problems of the methods to process a variety of medium are analyzed. Radon transform is stable and effective method to cope with the condition that subsurface medium is not complex, positive velocity gradients, and big NMO velocity difference. Multiple suppression methods based on wave equation prediction can cope with the seismic data from complex earth construction, in addition to wave field extrapolation method, the other two methods need not prior model information. The development of adaptive subtraction method based on wave equation are illustrated in the paper, also multiple adaptive subtraction is the same important as multiple prediction. Multiple suppression research tendency is also analyzed in the paper. Multiple suppression method based on wave equation has more advantage over other method, especially suit for current seismic exploration for complex medium. With the fast development of computation hardware acceleration technology such as GPU（graphic processing unit）and acquisition technology, the obstacle that hamper 3D SRME（surface-related multiple elimination） method will be overcome gradually, and 3D SRME will be one of important investigation tendency for multiple suppression in the future that conform actual earth medium. Also,it is important thread to improve multiple suppression effect by synthesizing the method based on wave equation prediction and filter method.