我国的运河遗产及其保护面临的问题

Domestic Canal Heritages and the Relating Problems in Conservation

为突破自然河流的局限性和更好地利用水资源或治水防洪,人类很早就开始了运河的开凿.运河遗产保护不仅因其反映了人类和国家的政治、经济、军事、农业、水利等方面演进的历史而显得格外重要,运河遗产保护中的遗产调查、遗产评估、保护规划、遗产管理、遗产监测等各方面都因其时空演变复杂、跨水系甚至跨流域、遗产体量巨大、动态性和在用性等特征表现为尤其困难.我国是最早开凿和利用运河的国家之一,也是拥有运河数量最多、长度最大的国家,同时也是运河保护面临问题最多、最尖锐的国家。以拟申遗的中国大运河为例,阐述我国快速城市化进程背景下运河遗产保护面临的新的历史机遇和挑战,期望对解决我国运河遗产保护的现实问题有所裨益。

The construction of canals started very early in human's history for the purpose of overcoming the limitions of the natural rivers and better utilizing the water resources or preventing the flood.The conservation of the canal heritages is attached with vital importance due to the canals being the mirror of human's and nation's historical progress in various aspects,such as politics,economy,military,agriculture and water projects.However,there are great challenges in every part of the conservation:the investigation,assessment,arrangement,management, and monitoring etc,for the complexity of changing time and space,to the immensity of canals in multi-river systems even multi- watershed and to the dynamic and current-utilizing characteristics.As one of the earliest in digging and exploiting the canals,China ranks the top not only in the number and length of the rivers,but also in the amount and toughness of the problems in canal conservation.Taking the will-be applicant of the World Heritage,the Great Canal,as an example,this text will elaborate the new historic opportunities and chanllenges in the background of rapid domestic urbanization,in the hope that it should be helpful in resloving the practical problems in the conservation of the canal heritages.