关于《日瓦戈医生》的一种跨文化诠释——论艾娃·汤普逊对作品的误读

Reconsidering Ewa M.Thompson's Misreading of Doctor Zhivago

帕斯捷尔纳克的长篇小说《日瓦戈医生》是一部受到各国评论界广泛重视的作品,相关的研究成果可谓汗牛充栋,但各家评价意见却存在着明显的分歧。其中,美国学者艾娃.汤普逊认为主人公日瓦戈是"一个依照圣愚模式塑造的人物",作品的"结构混乱"。实际上,《日瓦戈医生》表现了主人公的人道主义观念同时代之间的悲剧性冲突,经由他的遭遇反映了十月革命前后一代知识分子的思想情怀和共同命运;整部作品有一个按照时间顺序展开叙事的编年史框架,人物设置、空间处理和场面转换都显示出作家精巧的构思,而小说中精心安排的悬念和伏笔,也表明作家具有杰出的结构能力,两者均与所谓"圣愚模式"无关。汤普逊对这部小说的误读,源于她的结构主义方法和跨文化诠释视野的双重局限。

B. Pastemak＇s Doctor Zhivago, widely read around the world, gener- ates much controversy among critics. American scholar Ewa M. Thompson, for instance, argues that Zhivago is a stylized ＂holy fool＂ and the narrative structure is rather ＂chaot- ic＂. This essay, however, denies the significance of ＂the holy fool type＂ for Pastemak＇s novel. It claims that Zhivago＇s fate is typical of Russian intellectuals around the October Revolution, and the novel reflects the tragic conflicts between the protagonist＇s humanitari- an ideals and the turbulent reality. As the whole story unfolds chronologically, it is revea- ling to note how the characterization, the spatial transformation as well as the suspense and foreshadowing demonstrate Pasternak＇s mastery of narrative structure. This essay maintains that Thompson＇s misreading exposes her limitations inflicted by both the structuralist meth- od and cross-cuhural interpretation.