论库切小说中的批评及其小说批评观

J.M.Coetzee's View of Novel Criticism

库切认为当下文学批评因为过于依赖理论及哲学传统而成为一种狭小的话语,文学和批评之间缺乏应有的对等关系。为了突破批评的这种局限性,库切在小说的虚构叙事中融入了他对作家身份、小说创作过程、小说存在的理由、小说的本质等问题的探索,并在小说中表达对批评、批评家、批评和小说之间的关系等问题的看法。通过这种方式,库切充分利用小说的自我审视能力和模糊性,赋予批评以假设性、对话性和趣味性,不仅在文本、作者、批评者之间建立个人化的、多维度的联系,也使批评能够面向学术圈外的读者,从而将批评话语从长篇理论独白中解放出来,在小说和批评之间建立一种真正对等的联系。

J. M. Coetzee maintains that contemporary criticism has become too tight a discourse because of its heavy reliance on theories and philosophical traditions. In view of this limitation of the critical discourse, Coetzee explores issues such as creativity, the justifications for novels, and the nature of fiction within the fictive framework of his no- vels, and expresses his ideas about criticism, critics, and the relationship between criti- cism and novel. By integrating criticism into his novels, Coetzee makes full use of the ca- pacity for self-introspection and ambiguity of the novel, and renders the discursive criti- cism prepositional, dialogistic and interesting. JThus, Coetzee not only establishes an inti- mate and muhi-dimensional tie between text, author and critic, but also enhances criticism＇s appeal to readers outside the narrow academic circle. In this way, Coetzee lib- erates criticism from the tight discourse of th^nr^tlo^l m,,n,~l .l ta：~t. I__qual marriage between criticism and fiction.