我国典型工程机械燃油消耗量及排放清单研究

Fuel Consumption and Emission Inventory of Typical Construction Equipments in China

建立非道路移动机械排放清单是对其污染进行控制的基础.本研究参考美国环保署NONROAD模型中非道路移动源排放模拟的基本方法,建立基于实际燃油消耗率估算我国工程机械燃油消耗量及排放清单的方法.通过调查分析我国典型工程机械的保有量构成、活动水平、实际燃油消耗率和排放因子等相关参数,估算了2007年我国挖掘机和装载机两类典型工程机械的油耗量及排放量.结果表明,我国2007年挖掘机和装载机的柴油总消耗量为1.21×107 t,占当年全国各行业柴油总消耗量的9.7%;NOx和PM的总排放量分别6.81×105 t和5.31×104 t,与当年全国道路机动车的NOx和PM排放总量相比,工程机械的排放已经不容忽视.尽快加严并有效实施我国工程机械用发动机排放标准对控制其排放具有重要意义.

Developing emission inventory for nonroad mobile equipments is the initiating step of nonroad mobile source emission control.NONROAD model developed by U.S.EPA was studied,and methods based on actual fuel consumption rate were established to calculate fuel consumption and emission inventory of excavators and loaders in China.Surveys were conducted on key emission parameters of typical construction equipments in China,including equipment inventory,annual activity,actual fuel consumption rate,and emission factor.Results show that diesel consumption of excavators and loaders was 1.21×107 t,accounting for 9.7% of total consumption of all sectors in China in 2007.Total emissions of NOx and PM from excavators and loaders were 6.81×105 t and 5.31×104 t,respectively.The data indicates construction equipments are important emission sources compared with motor vehicles.According to the results,it is necessary to tighten limits of exhaust pollutants for construction equipments in China and to bring them into effect.