牛津大学章程对我国高等教育实行“管办分离”的启示

The enlightenment of Oxford University's statutes on “separation of management and operation” for Chinese higher education

牛津大学章程分为"教职员大会章程"和"枢密院会议章程",前者只需由学校教职员大会同意即可生效,后者还需要由枢密院批准方能生效。"枢密院会议章程"主要对学校核心管理机构、学术人员权益和学校财力保障进行了规定。"教职员大会章程"则包括了大学内部学术机构的自主设置、内部各项事务的自主决策、行政管理人员的自主聘任、学位文凭证书的自主授予等,充分反映出牛津大学具有广泛的自主权。两类章程的划分,实质上是英国高等教育"管办分离"的缩影,对我国高等教育正在探索"管办分离",明晰政府与大学的权力边界、改革高等教育资源配置方式以及规范章程文本表述等,都具有重要的借鉴意义。

Statutes of Oxford University can be divided into the ＂Congregation＇s statute＂ and the ＂Queen- in-Council statute＂. The former only need the approval of Congregation, while the latter need the approval of Her Majesty in Council after the approval of Congregation for coming into effect. The ＂Queen-in-Council statute＂ mainly gives the rules on the central administration, academic staff rights and financial support. ＂Congregation＇s statute＂ includes the independent setting of university internal academic institutions, the decision-making of internal affairs, the employment of Officers, the award of degree et al., which sufficiently reflects the University of Oxford possesses wide autonomies. In fact, the division of the two types of statutes is the miniature of ＂separation of management and operation＂ of the UK higher education, which gives significant enlightenments for Chinese higher education in the fields of exploring the ＂separation of management and operation＂, clearing the power boundary between government and university, reforming higher education resource allocation and normalizing the text expression of statues et al..