缩略词语形成的动因及认知限制条件

Motivation of and Cognitive Constraints on Shortened Words

缩略是现代汉语新词语形成的有效途径之一。从认知构式语法的视角对缩略词语与原有词语之间映射关系的考察显示,缩略词语的形成并非任意的和无条件的,而是有一定的动因且受认知因素的制约。研究表明,缩略一般受到最大经济化原则和最大表达力原则的制约,并据此对韵律、句法、语义和语用等信息做出最佳选择。语料统计数据也为上述观点提供了佐证。

Shortening is one of the effective means to produce new words.By analyzing the mapping between shortened words and existent words from the perspective of CCxG,this study examines the motivation of and cognitive constraints on the formation of the former.It shows that shortened words are not produced arbitrarily and unconditionally,but constrained generally by the Principle of Maximized Economy and the Principle of Maximized Expressive Power,under which optimal choices are made in phonological,syntactic,semantic and pragmatic terms.Statistic analysis proves to support our argument.