金银花开花与繁育特性研究

Study on Flowing Habits and Breeding Characteristics of Lonicera japonica Thunb

通过田间观察和人工授粉等方法,对金银花的开花生物学和繁育特性进行了研究。结果表明,金银花盛花期在5月中旬至8月中旬。金银花花序为总状花序,开花顺序自下而上,多数花在8∶00～12∶00开放,开花时花药随之开裂,花冠颜色由绿色逐渐变为白色,枯萎时变为金黄色。单花期约15 d,花粉寿命为3 d,活力最大时达到72.5%。柱头在开花当天具有较大可授性。金银花花粉与柱头的有效可遇期为2 d,可同花自交。综合花粉/胚珠比、OCI值、人工授粉判断金银花属于兼性异交型。本试验还对金银花育种中适宜采用的杂交技术及育种途径进行了探讨。

Field observation and artificial pollination methods were used to study the flowing habits and breeding characteristics of Lonicera japonica.The results suggested that the full-bloom stage of Lonicera japonica was from mid-May to mid-August.The inflorescence of Lonicera japonica was raceme with blossom from bottom to top.The majority of flowers and anthers opened at 8： 00~12： 00.The duration of single flower was about 15 days with the color of corolla changing from green to white and becoming golden yellow in fade period.The life span of pollen was about 3 days with the highest viability as 72.5%,and the stigma receptivity was higher on the blossom day.Self-pollination was possible by temporal and spatial superposition of male and female organs in 2 days.Based on the analysis of pollen-ovule ratio（P/O）,out-crossing index and the results of artificial pollination,it was concluded that Lonicera japonica belonged to facultative outcrossing type.The suitable crossing methods and breeding strategies were also discussed in this paper.