广州市室内环境中苯和甲醛的健康风险评价

Health Risk Assessment of Benzene and Formaldehyde in Indoor Environment in Guangzhou City

目的了解广州市室内环境中苯和甲醛的人群致癌风险。方法 2011年7—10月对广州市120个监测点的卧室、客厅、办公室及室外环境中的苯和甲醛浓度进行监测,应用健康风险评价的方法对苯和甲醛的人群致癌风险进行评价。结果卧室空气中的甲醛浓度超过了《室内空气质量标准》(GB/T18883-2002)的限值要求,其他环境中的苯和甲醛浓度低于标准限值。成年男性和成年女性的苯致癌风险值分别为1.39×10-4和1.41×10-4,甲醛的致癌风险值分别为7.81×10-4和7.82×10-4。甲醛的致癌风险高于苯的致癌风险,女性的致癌风险略高于男性,不同人群在不同环境中的苯和甲醛致癌风险值均超过美国环境保护局制定的安全限值(1.00×10-6)。结论广州市室内环境中苯和甲醛对人群存在较大的致癌风险。

Objectives To evaluate the cancer risk of benzene and formaldehyde in indoor air environments in Guangzhou City. Methods The concentrations of benzene and formaldehyde in the air of bedroom, living - room, office and outdoor at 120 monitoring sites were monitored from July to October in 2011, and the human health risk assessment was also done. Results The average concentration of benzene and formaldehyde in different environments was lower than the China indoor air quality standard except for formaldehyde in bedroom. The cancer risk probability of benzene was 1.39×10-4 and 1.41 ×10-4, and the cancer risk probability of formaldehyde was 7.81×10-4 and 7.82×10-4 for male and female adults respectively. The cancer risk probability of formaldehyde was higher than that of benzene in different indoor environments. All of the cancer risk probabilities listed above were higher than the acceptable level （ 1.00 ×10-6） established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Conclusion The cancer risk of benzene and formaldehyde in indoor environment was high in Guangzhou.