电焊工作场所超细颗粒与细颗粒暴露特征研究

A Study on Exposure Characteristics of Submicron Particles and Fine Particles in Welding Workplace

目的研究电焊工作场所超细颗粒、细颗粒暴露特征。方法检测某电焊工作场所超细、细颗粒的质量浓度及其分布、数量浓度、形态学和化学元素含量,记录检测点距离、生产活动及风速等影响因素。结果超细、细颗粒的浓度与电焊作业点数量和生产活动密切相关,距离作业点3.1 m处颗粒数量浓度和质量浓度明显低于距离作业点1.1 m处(P<0.05),高窗口风速的检测点颗粒数量浓度明显低于低窗口风速的检测点(P<0.01),车间内焊接作业前与车间外大气化学元素含量较接近,但车间内焊接作业前超细、细颗粒浓度明显高于车间外大气(P<0.01)。结论电焊作业超细、细颗粒浓度与工人作息时间、作业点数量、检测距离、窗口风速、背景值密切相关。

Objective To study the exposure characteristics of fine and submicron particles in the welding workplace.Methods Mass concentrations and size distributions,number concentrations,morphology and chemical element contents of fine and submicron particles were detected.In addition,testing distances,wind speeds and production activities were recorded.Results The concentrations of fine and ultrafine particles are significantly associated with the quantity of welding points and production activities.The number concentrations and mass concentrations of particles at 3.1 m away from welding points were significantly lower than those at 1.1 m away（P0.05）.The number concentrations of testing points with high wind speed of workshop windows were significantly lower than those with low wind speed of workshop windows（P0.01）.Chemical contents of particles collected from workshop before welding operations were similar to those collected from outside atmosphere.However,the number concentrations of submicron and fine particles in workshop before welding operations were significantly higher than those in outside atmosphere（P0.01）.Conclusion In the welding workplace,concentrations of fine and ultrafine particles were associated with worker＇s timetable,quantity of welding points,testing distances,window wind speeds and background levels.