21种茎叶处理除草剂对刺萼龙葵的生物活性研究

A Study on the Biological Activity of 21 Foliar-applied Herbicides against Solanum rostratum

为筛选防治刺萼龙葵的安全、高效除草剂,采用温室盆栽法评价21种苗后阔叶除草剂对刺萼龙葵的防治效果,并对防效较好的药剂进行室内生物测定。结果表明,在田间推荐剂量下,有7种药剂对刺萼龙葵的防效较好,鲜质量抑制率>90.0%,其中辛酰溴苯腈对刺萼龙葵的活性最高,ED90为67.31 g/hm2(有效成分);氟磺胺草醚最低,ED90为795.47 g/hm2(有效成分)。7种除草剂ED90由高到低的依次为辛酰溴苯腈、氯氟吡氧乙酸、百草枯、三氯吡氧乙酸、氨氯吡啶酸、草甘膦、氟磺胺草醚。综合考虑药剂活性及其推荐剂量,辛酰溴苯腈、氯氟吡氧乙酸、百草枯、三氯吡氧乙酸、氨氯吡啶酸和草甘膦均可在低于推荐剂量下用于防除刺萼龙葵,但使用氟磺胺草醚时应适当增加用量。

To screen safe and effective herbicides to prevent and control buffalobur,pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the control effect of 21 postemergent broadleaf herbicides against buffalobur and greenhouse bioassay was further conducted for herbicides with better control effects.The results showed that fresh weight inhibition of 7 herbicides was more than 90.0% at the recommended dose.The toxicity of bromoxynil octanoate was the highest with ED90 of 67.31,while that of fomesafen was the lowest,with ED90 of 795.47 g/hm2.The order of toxicity was bromoxynilfluroxypyrparaquattriclopyrpicloramglyphosatefomesafen.Based on consideration of herbicidal activity and recommended dose of the 7 herbicides,bromoxynil,fluroxypyr,paraquat,triclopyr,picloram and glyphosate could be used to control buffalobur at lower dose than recommended,but fomesafen should be used at a higher dose.