日粮蛋白质水平对浙农大1号意大利蜜蜂产浆及咽下腺发育的影响

Effects of Dietary Protein Levels on Royal Jelly Production and Hypopharyngeal Gland Development of ‘ZND No.1' Italian Honeybee

试验旨在研究不同蛋白质日粮对浙农大1号意蜂产浆期生产性能、蜂王浆成分和工蜂咽下腺发育的影响。选择15群群势相当的浙农大1号意蜂,按试验要求随机分为2个试验组和1个对照组,每组5群蜂,每群为1个重复,试验组分别饲喂蛋白质水平为20%(20%P)和30%(30%P)的全价人工配合日粮,对照组饲喂油菜花粉,测定各群采食量、蜂王浆产量、王台接受率、蜂王浆成分、咽下腺腺泡面积及咽下腺蛋白质含量。结果表明,日粮蛋白质水平对工蜂咽下腺发育有显著性影响(P<0.05),20%蛋白质日粮组咽下腺腺泡面积和蛋白质含量显著高于30%蛋白质日粮组和对照组(P<0.05);20%蛋白质日粮组蜂群采食量、蜂王浆总产量、王台接受率及蜂王浆中10-HDA、粗蛋白、酸度与30%蛋白质日粮组、对照组均无显著影响(P>0.05)。结果显示,对于浙农大1号意蜂,20%蛋白质日粮组工蜂咽下腺发育显著优于30%蛋白质日粮组,2种蛋白质日粮与花粉组相比,蜂王浆产量、王台接受率及蜂王浆成分无显著影响。

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary protein levels on production performance,quality of royal jelly and hypopharyngeal gland development of ＂ZND No.1＂ Italian honeybee in the production stage.15 colonies with equal size,queen quality and age were randomly divided into 3 groups with 5 replicates in each group and one colony per replicate.The bees in 2 treatment groups were fed with experimental diets with protein levels of 20% and 30%,respectively.And the other one was fed with rape pollen as the control group.The effects of diets on feed intake,production of royal jelly,rates of acceptance of queen cells,quality of royal jelly,protein concentration and acini area of hypopharyngeal gland in worker honeybee were measured.The results showed that dietary protein levels significantly affected hypopharyngeal gland development（P0.05）.Acini area and protein concentration of hypopharyngeal gland in the 20% group were significantly higher than those in the 30% group and the control（P0.05）,There was no significant difference in feed intake,royal jelly production,acceptance rate and quality of royal jelly（P0.05）.In conclusion,to ＂ZND No.1＂Italian honeybee,hypopharyngeal gland development in the 20% group was better than that in the 30% group.The two protein diets and pure pollen had no significant influence on royal jelly production,acceptance rate and quality of royal jelly.