哲罗鲑、细鳞鲑及杂交种(哲罗鲑♀×细鳞鲑♂)遗传结构的SRAP分析

An Analysis on Genetic Constitution of Hucho Taimen, Brachymystax lenok and Hybrids(Hucho taimen♀ ×Brachymystax lenok♂) by SRAP Markers

运用SRAP技术对哲罗鲑、细鳞鲑及杂交种(哲罗鲑♀×细鳞鲑♂)的遗传结构进行分析。结果表明:(1)哲罗鲑群体和细鳞鲑群体迁移率相同的位点分别占所扩增条带的48.29%和48.53%,表明二者在遗传结构上具有较大的相似性。杂交群体所扩增的位点中,具有哲罗鲑群体特异位点为30.30%,具有细鳞鲑群体特异位点为25.54%,具有2群体共有位点为39.39%,属两性融合生殖。(2)3个群体多样性水平从高到低排列为细鳞鲑、杂交种、哲罗鲑,并且杂交种表达出一定的杂种优势;(3)检测到种间特异位点53个,将这些特异位点部分组合,可以有效进行杂种鉴定;(4)杂交种与哲罗鲑和细鳞鲑的遗传距离分别为0.255 3和0.385 8,表明杂交种与两亲本群体的遗传差异是不对等的,偏向母本一方。

The genetic structure of three populations（Hucho taimen and Brachymystax lenok and hybrids） was analyzed by SRAP molecular marker.The results are as follows：（1） Hucho taimen and Brachymystax lenok have percentages of 48.29% and 48.53% of all bands,the result showed very high genetic identity in the two populations.In the hybrids,the amplified fragments include 30.30% female parent-specific bands,25.54% male parent-specific bands and 39.39% mutual bands,the hybridization between the parents are gamogenesis and most genetic material come from both of the parents.（2）The abundance of genetic diversity in the three populations arranged in a decent order is Brachymystax lenokhybridsHucho taimen,and the hybrids have obvious heterosis.（3）53 interspecies specific loci were screened out.Combining part of those loci can effectively identify the hybrids.（4） The hybrids have a genetic distance of 0.255 3 and 0.385 8 from Hucho taimen and Brachymystax lenok,separately,which elucidates the hybrids have an unequal heredity difference to their parents and a genetic inclination to their female parent.