4种免疫相关酶在鲟鱼组织内的分布及活性比较

Comparative Studies on the Activities of Four Immune-related Enzymes from Four Kinds of Sturgeons

分别对小体鲟、西伯利亚鲟及杂交鲟I(♂西伯利亚鲟×♀施氏鲟)和杂交鲟II(♂施氏鲟×♀达氏鳇)4个群体的肝、肾、鳃、肌肉和血液组织中免疫相关的碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性分布进行测定。结果表明:鲟体内ACP活性由大到小分布为:肾脏、肝脏、鳃、血浆、肌肉,且在肝脏及肾脏组织中,西伯利亚鲟酶活性最高,其次为杂交鲟II;鲟体内AKP活性大小分布依次为:肾脏、鳃、肝脏、血浆、肌肉,且肾脏组织中酶活性明显高于另外4种组织,而西伯利亚鲟体内酶活性远远高于其它3种鲟;鲟体内CAT活性大小分布依次为:肝脏、肾脏、鳃、红细胞、肌肉,且肝脏组织中酶活性明显高于另外4种组织,而杂交鲟I略高于西伯利亚鲟,小体鲟最低;鲟体内SOD活性分布大小依次为:肝脏、肌肉、肾脏、血浆、鳃、红细胞,且肝脏组织中酶活性明显高于另外5种组织,而红细胞中酶活性也远远低于其它5种组织,肝脏中活性大小依次为:杂交鲟I、杂交鲟II、西伯利亚鲟、小体鲟、而肾脏、鳃、肌肉及血浆中SOD活性值较接近,差距不大。了解和掌握各种鲟及杂交品种体内各种酶活力的变化趋势,对于促进鲟鱼养殖业的健康可持续发展,及完善并推广鲟鱼全人工繁育、养殖具有重要的指导意义。

In this study,four kinds of immune-related enzymes,including ACP,AKP,CAT and SOD were determined from the liver,kidney,gill,muscle and blood plasma of A.ruthenus,A.baerii,Hybrid I（♂ A.ruthenus × ♀ A.baerii） and Hybrid II（♂ A.schrencki× ♀ H.dauricus）.The results indicated that ACP was detectable in the liver,kidney,gill,muscle and blood plasma in four kinds of sturgeons and the distribution pattern of ACP activities suggested ACP in kidney liver gill blood plasma muscle.Meanwhile,ACP activities in the kidney and liver of the A.baerii were the highest,followed by Hybrid II.The distribution pattern of AKP activities was kidney gill liver blood plasma muscle,and ACP activities in the kidney were significantly higher than that in the other four kinds of tissues（P0.05）,with the highest level in A.baerii.The CAT activities were distributed in all five tissues,with the highest level in liver,followed by kidney,gill,red blood cell and muscle.CAT activities in the liver were significantly higher than that in the other four kinds of tissues（P 0.05）,and showed a tendency of the CAT in Hybrid I A.baerii A.ruthenus.We also found that the SOD activities were distributed in all detected tissues with a pattern of liver muscle kidney blood plasma gill red blood cell.The enzyme activities were obviously higher in the liver than in the other five kinds of tissues,and far less in red blood cell than in the other tissues.Additionally,there was difference in the SOD activities in the liver of the four kinds of sturgeons,which showed a tendency of Hybrid I Hybrid II A.baerii A.ruthenus;however,there was no obvious difference in SOD in the other tissues,which were detected with a similar level of the SOD activities.This study was aimed to understand the variation tendency of several digestive enzymes in different kinds of sturgeons,which would benefit the healthy and sustainable development of the sturgeon culture industry and provide an important guidance to perfect and spread the artificial breeding and aquaculture of sturgeons.