山西省水资源系统压力综合评价

Comprehensive evaluation of water resources system stress in Shanxi province

考虑极端干旱条件、煤炭开采、饮水安全等因素,建立了包括水资源压力、水环境压力、水安全压力、水生态压力四种压力类别的山西省水资源系统压力评价指标体系,并参考国内外相关指标的评价标准,制定了水资源系统压力的低度压力阶段、中度压力阶段、高度压力阶段指标评价标准,在分析指标变化对水资源系统压力的影响规律的基础上,借鉴边际效益递减原理标准化处理指标,并利用模糊物元结合欧式贴近度评价方法进行评价分析。结果表明:全省处于中度压力阶段,太原、大同、运城处于高度压力阶段,阳泉、朔州、吕梁、晋中、临汾处于中度压力阶段,长治、晋城、忻州处于低度压力阶段。指标体系与评价方法较为细致地刻画了各分区的水资源系统压力状态,与实际情况相吻合,被证明是合理、简便的,且具有普遍的实践意义。

In view of extreme drought condition,coal exploitation and watering safety,an evaluation index system for the water resources system has been established to consider the stresses of water resources,water environment,water safety and water environments in Shanxi province.Evaluation criterions for stresses of low-degree,medium-degree and high-degree were developed with reference to the existing criterions of China and overseas.The indexes were standardized with an analysis on the effect of index variation on system stress by principle of diminishing marginal utility.A method of fuzzy matter element combined with Euclid approach degree was applied to the calculation of these stresses.The results indicate that the stress of Shanxi falls in the medium-degree,and the cities of Yangquan,Shuozhou,Lvliang,Jinzhong and Linfen also in this range,while Taiyuan,Datong and Yuncheng fall in the high-degree,and Changzhi,Jincheng and Xinzhou in the low-degree.The index system and the method provide a device of accurate evaluation on the actual status of water resource stress,and they are verified effective,universal,simple and practical.