马克思《论犹太人问题》中的现代政治批判理论——兼评阿隆对马克思实质自由观的回应

On Jewish and Marx's Critique Theory of Modern Politics:A Comment on Aron's Response to the Concept of Marx's Substantive Freedom

马克思立足于"人类解放"的高度分析了政治解放的限度,并以"市民社会自身的矛盾"、"市民社会与政治国家相分离"的思想揭示了现代政治的本质及其矛盾性和抽象化、形式化特征。马克思的现代政治批判理论澄清了政治解放的前提,划定了与近代自由主义政治哲学、各种空想社会主义者之间的界限,进而瓦解了实质自由与形式自由的抽象对立关系,而法国当代著名政治哲学家雷蒙·阿隆曲解了马克思的实质自由观。

Based on the height of human liberty, Marx analyzed the limits of the political emancipation. According to the thought of the contradictions of the civil society and the divorce between the civil society and the state, Marx revealed the nature and conflict of modern politics and its abstract and formal features. Marx＇s critique theory of modern politics clarifies the premise of political emancipation, and draws a clear dividing line with modern liberalism, various utopian socialists, and collapses the abstract opposition between the substantive freedom and the formal freedom. Raymond Aron misinterpreted the concept of Marx＇s substantive freedom.