宁波市北仑区职业性噪声与听力损失的流行病学调查

Epidemiological study of occupational noise and hearing loss in Beilun District of Ningbo Municipality

目的 从流行病学角度了解宁波市北仑区噪声企业工人听力损失情况及个体听力对噪声的易感性差异.方法 对区内12家企业的噪声作业环境进行调查,对1 023名噪声作业工人进行职业卫生学调查和听力测定,由经过培训合格的调查人员进行问卷调查和纯音听力检查.结果 1 023名工人中共发现156名工人有不同程度的听力损失情况,其中高频听力损伤发生率为11.34%,高于语频听力损伤的发生率（4.79%）,高频及语频听力损伤检出率在各工龄组间的差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）.结论 本研究中未发现听力损失检出率及听力损失程度与接触噪声工龄有明显相关关系;个体听力对噪声易感性有显著差异.

Objective To investigate the occupational noise and related hearing impairment in Beilun District of Ningbo Municipality. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the steady noise condition in twelve enterprises and the investigation of occupational hygiene and audiometry was conducted in 1023 noise-exposed workers, including questionnaire survey and pure tone tests. Results There were 156 workers with hearing loss among 1023 workers, with the high frequency hearing loss rate of 11.34% and speech frequency hearing loss rate of 4.79%. There was no significant association of high frequency or speech frequency hearing loss with the year of employment. Conclusion The study shows that occupational hearing loss is not related to the length of noise exposure, it might be associated with the individual susceptibility.