家兔皮肤轻度冻伤模型的研究

Study on the Slight Frostbited Model of Rabbit Skin

目的探索家兔皮肤轻度冻伤模型最佳致冻条件。方法将液氮(-196℃)倒入特制的玻璃瓶(底部平整)中,将其底部贴紧兔背部(已脱毛)两侧实验部位,制造局部冻伤,致冻伤时间分别为3、5、8 s,观察皮肤表观变化、肿胀度及血流量,并取冻伤部位皮肤作病理切片,考察家兔皮肤轻度冻伤模型最佳致冻条件。结果冻伤3 s组家兔疮面部分红肿,肿胀程度轻,疮面没有结痂,于冻伤后第5天自愈;冻伤5 s组家兔疮面红肿,肿胀程度略轻,疮面部分于冻伤后第4天开始结痂,于冻伤后第7天自愈;冻伤8 s组家兔疮面红肿,部分疮面发紫色,肿胀程度较重,疮面于冻伤后第4天开始结痂,冻伤后第8天疮面仍有一定程度水肿,未能自愈。各冻伤组家兔冻后第4、24、48、72 h的疮面血流量与空白对照组比较均没有明显变化,无显著性差异。结论致冻3、5 s复制的模型较轻,短期内能自愈,不适合实验的需要;致冻8 s能够复制出家兔轻度冻伤模型,并且此模型至少能够维持8 d内不能自愈,适合冻伤治疗药物药效学考察的实验模型。

Objective To investigate the optimal frostbite condition of the slight frostbited model of rabbit skin. Methods A flat-bottomed glass bottle with liquid nitrogen（ - 196% ） in it was pressed against the skin of the back of depilated rabbits that were later, frostbitten for 3,5,8 s, respectively. The apparent change, swelling and distension degree, volume of blood flow and pathological section of the frostbite site were observed. Results The wounds of the rabbits frostbited for 3 s were partly red with mild swelling, but without any slough, and self-cured at the 5 th day after being frostbited. The wounds of the rabbits frostbitten for 5 s were red widely with mild swelling, began to slough at the 4 th day, and self-cured at the 7 th day. The wounds of the rabbits frostbitten for 8 s were red widely, partly purple with heavy swelling, began to slough at the 4 th day, and showed mild edema at the 8 th day. The volume of blood flow of each group had no obvious change, compared with the blank control. Conclusion The model reproduced by the groups frostbitten for 3 and 5 s were too slight to be used for any experiment. The group frostbitten for 8 s could reproduce the model of slight frostbite in rabbit skin, and the model could not self-heal within 8 d, making itself suitable for the experiment on pharmacodynamics of medicine for frostbite.