同德县新生儿乙型肝炎疫苗接种影响因素调查

Factors Influencing Hepatitis B Vaccination in Newborns of Tongde County

目的了解同德县新生儿乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗(Hepatitis B Vaccine,HepB)接种的影响因素。方法从随机整群抽样方法抽取的调查对象中,以所有<7岁儿童作为研究对象,其中接种过HepB者为对照组,未接种者为研究组。由接受过培训的调查人员,根据统一制定的调查表,通过向儿童家长/监护人询问相关问题,获取儿童接种HepB的相关信息。录入数据库并核实无误后,以统计分析系统(Statistical Analysis System,SAS)软件Logistic回归程序,对影响同德县新生儿HepB接种的因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果共有416名儿童参加本研究,其中对照组和研究组人数为1:1。同德县新生儿HepB接种率较低,且不同乡的儿童HepB接种率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),但也看到近年来接种率迅速提高(P<0.001);儿童家长/监护人如能对HepB有较清楚的了解,其子女接种率能达到很高水平(P<0.001);在家与在医院出生的儿童HepB接种率相近(P=0.2190),以及绝大多数牧民要等≥2个月才能见到上门巡诊的医生,反映了当地卫生资源的匮乏和医疗服务质量的低下。结论要通过强化对有关医务人员的乙肝预防知识培训,对牧民开展有效的科普宣传,以及改善医疗服务,促进新生儿HepB接种率的提高。

Objective To find out the influential factors of the hepatitis B vaccine （HepB）to the newborns in Tongde county. Method We conducted a case-control study among Tibetan children who were less than 7 years old, case subjects didn＇ t get HepB before, eontrol subjects had vaccinated with HepB vaccine. Investigators asked subjects and their caretakers question related with uniform questionnaire to get vaccination information. Logistic regression analysis was performed to find out the influences. Result Among 416 children, half of children vaccinated with HepB were selected as control group, and the rest as test group. The vaccination rate of HepB among children was very low, but a gradually rising in recent years. It was related with awareness rate of HepB knowledge of. Most persons received door-to-door service of local doctors every two months which reflect the lack of health resources and poor medical service. Conclusion In order to improve the hepatitis B vaccination rates, we must strengthen training of HepB knowledge for local medical staff, carry out effective advocacy and improve the immunization services.