开放式技术创新范式下企业全面创新投入研究

Resource Allocation in the Technological Innovation Process for Open Innovations

创新资源投入是保证企业成功进行技术创新并获得竞争优势的关键,资源获取和资源利用成为全面创新投入的两条主线。本文对213个装备制造业企业为样本进行统计,分析了在全面创新投入框架下产品创新、工艺创新和平台创新方面的关键投入要素。研究结果揭示了对三种创新绩效起关键促进作用的投入项目并显示产品创新方面企业对于开放度和开放模式的管理存在一些偏差,企业对于工艺创新方面可以调节技术/互补资产投入比例,适当增强研发投入与工程活动相配套能够有效促进工艺创新。企业可以参考这一结论调整企业的创新资源投入策略。

The current technological innovation studies are primarily built upon Schumpeter Rents＇ theory.Tidd,et al.（1997） presents a 5-generation-model to illustrate the evolution of technological innovation modes that emphasizes both the development of external networks and internal systems.Although these literatures use a more integrated structure to explain the inputs of innovation resource,a unified structure is not sufficient to locate resource allocation bottlenecks.It is important to identify them and present a more effective and efficient way to manage innovation resource inputs. This research focuses on identifying the resource allocation bottlenecks in the innovation process for manufacturers.The paper uses a list of common input items and adopts the stepwise regression method to investigate which one of them has the most significant compact on the innovation performance.We conduct a survey with 213 Chinese equipment manufacturers.We use the Oslo Manual as our guideline to set the innovation frequency as the performance indicator in different stages of product innovation,process innovation and platform innovation.First,we conduct a literature review on different activities in the innovation process,including RD,manufacturing,and marketing.Our literature review leads us to the development of an input list for Chinese equipment manufacturers.We also discuss the stage-division method proposed by Utterback Abernathy（U-A） model,and propose a 3-stage model.Second,we introduce our research methods,including variable measurement,sample selection,and stepwise regression method.Third,we analyze the data and report analysis results,including sample distribution,and the causal relationships between our identified input items and innovation performance.Analysis results indicate that internal RD,engineering processing,cooperative RD and experimental production have significant impacts on production innovation.In contrast,experimental production,engineering processing and technology trading have significant impact on process innovation.Market investigation,internal RD and engineering processing have significant impact on platform innovation.Fourth,we discuss implications of our findings on the innovation process of Chinese equipment manufacturers.It appears that Chinese equipment manufacturers lack of technological capability,and cannot make effective innovation decisions according to market needs.Most of Chinese manufacturers are still adopting the closed innovation paradigm.In addition,these manufacturers tend to engage external parties into the process innovation and recognize the importance for platform innovation. In summary,most Chinese equipment manufacturers are still in the early stage of process innovation and require investment in technological capability.The research achieves its goal of understanding the allocation management of innovation resources in Chinese equipment manufacturers.Future studies can replicate this study with other performance indicators.