冬枣气象生态适应性观察研究

Observation and Studying on Climate Ecological Adaptability of Zizyphus jujube cv. Dongzao

对山西5个不同引种栽培地区试验园冬枣的物候期、产量和果实品质进行观察研究,比较分析引种地和原产地的气象条件、枣树生育期的主要气象因子、单株产量和果实品质。结果表明,①冬枣栽培适宜的气象生态条件是盛花期日平均气温为24～27℃,空气相对湿度在55%以上;果实迅速生长期日平均气温为25～27℃;果实成熟期日平均气温为18～21℃,平均气温日较差在10℃以上;无霜期在185 d以上。②山西南部黄河沿岸地区、运城盆地和临汾盆地与冬枣原产地的气候条件和产量品质比较接近,适宜冬枣栽培;而晋中盆地和忻州盆地因气温较低、有效积温少和无霜期短冬枣不能正常着色成熟,不宜引种栽培。

Zizyphus jujube cv.Dongzao is one of the fine,late-ripe and fresh cultivars of Chinese jujubes which was expended to grow in recent years.Its phenol-phase,mean yield per tree and fruit qualities of Dongzao jujube in five planting ecological areas of Shanxi province were observed and studied.And the meteorological conditions,the main meteorological factors of full bloom period and fruit development period of Dongzao jujube,mean yield per tree and fruit quality in new planting areas in Shanxi province and original production areas were compared and analyzed.The results showed that,（i） The suitable meteorological conditions for planting Dongzao jujube are the average temperature and the relative air humidity of full bloom period are between 24-27 ℃ and above 55%;The average temperature of fruit quick growing period is between 25-27 ℃;The average temperature and the average temperature difference of daily of fruit ripe period are 18-21 ℃ and above 10 ℃;The frost-free period is above 185d.（ii） the meteorological conditions,mean yield per tree and fruit quality of Dongzao jujube of the bank of Yellow River of South Shanxi province,Yuncheng basin and Linfen basin was similar to the original production areas,so they is suitable to planting Dongzao jujube.But Jinzhong basin and Xinzhou basin is not suitable to plant Dongzao jujube due to lower temperature,less effective temperature and shorter frost-free period.