甲基对硫磷与灭多威杀虫剂混配中毒的实验治疗

Experimental therapy of methyl parathion mixed with methomyl insecticides poisoning in mice and rats

目的 探讨肟类药物氯解磷定 (PAM Cl)和 (吡啶 2 醛肟 1 1 甲基 ) (4 氨基甲酰基 吡啶 1 甲基 )醚氯盐 (HI 6 )对甲基对硫磷与灭多威杀虫剂混配中毒动物的保护作用 ,并比较肟类、阿托品 (At)及At与肟类联合应用的疗效。方法 小鼠和大鼠灌胃染毒后 ,经腹腔注射生理盐水、肟类、At及At与肟类药物 ,记录各组动物的中毒表现和死亡结局 ,并测定血和脑中胆碱酯酶 (ChE)活力。结果 各治疗组和对照组相比 ,中毒表现均有一定程度的减轻 ,尤以At与肟类联合应用疗效为著。各治疗组的存活率 (小鼠分别为 :PAM Cl 90 %、HI 6 90 %、At 90 %～ 10 0 %、PAM Cl +At 10 0 %、HI 6 +At 90 % ;大鼠分别为 :PAM Cl 6 0 %、At 10 0 %、PAM Cl +At 10 0 % )与对照组 (小鼠 :40 %～6 0 % ;大鼠 :6 0 % )相比 ,除PAM Cl组外 ,存活率均显著提高 ,差异有显著性 ,P <0 .0 5 (小鼠 :PAM Cl组 ,P =0 .15 2 ;At组 ,P =0 .0 2 9～ 0 .0 43;PAM Cl+At组 ,P =0 .0 43;HI 6组 ,P =0 .0 2 9;HI 6 +At组 ,P =0 .0 2 9。大鼠 :PAM Cl组 ,P =1.0 0 0 ;At组 ,P =0 .0 43;PAM Cl+At组 ,P =0 .0 43)。PAM Cl对受抑制的全血ChE有一定的重活化作用。结论 急性甲基对硫磷与灭多威杀虫剂混配中毒时 ,肟类可作为At的辅助治疗药物。

Objective To study the protective effects of two oxime drugs, pralidoxime chloride(PAM Cl) and HI 6,on methyl parathion mixed with methomyl insecticides intoxicated mice and rats,and to compare the therapeutic efficacy of oximes,atropine(At) and At combined with oximes. Methods Soon after a certain doses of mixed insecticides were given to mice and rats by gastrogavage,physiological saline,oximes,At or At combined with oximes were administered(ip.) to different groups.Toxic signs and survival rates were recorded and cholinesterase(ChE) activities in blood and brain were determined.Results The toxic signs in all treatment groups were alleviated.The survival rates of mice in PAM Cl,At and At+PAM Cl groups vs control were:90%( P =0.152),100%( P =0.043),and 100%( P =0.043) respectively vs 60%;in HI 6,At and At+HI 6 groups vs control were 90%( P = 0.029), 90%( P = 0.029) and 90%( P = 0.029) respectively vs 40%.The survival rates of rats in PAM Cl,At and At+ PAM Cl vs control were:60%( P =1.000),100%( P =0.043) and 100%( P =0.043) respectively vs 60%.The results showed that atropine combined with oximes had the best therapeutic efficacy.PAM Cl reactivated the inhibited ChE activities of whole blood in methyl parathion mixed with methomyl exposed rats. Conclusion Oximes may be used as auxiliary therapeutic drugs of atropine in acute methyl parathion mixed with methomyl insecticides poisoning.