基于GIS的历史自然灾害数据库设计与实现

Design and implementation of historical natural disasters database based on GIS

本文提出了利用空间数据库和GIS技术整理分析方志、古籍的研究方法,结合《中国古代重大自然灾害和异常年表总集》中记载的各种自然灾害信息,采用面向对象的Geodatabase数据模型,建立了中国全区域的,多朝代的,多自然灾害要素的,带有地理特征的关系型数据库,实现了数据的统一描述与管理,并根据专题数据制作了单一灾害要素、多种灾害要素的专题地图,可视化分析了历史自然灾害的时空分异,最后将地图进行网络发布以实现数据共享。结果表明GIS有利于方志、古籍的数字化整理与分析,实现了以信息技术保护、传播和有效的利用方志资料。

This paper proposed the research method that using the spatial database and GIS technology to organize and arrange the ancient books data.The author analysed the data recorded in ＂Chronicle of Great Natural Disasters and Abnormal Phenomena in Ancient China＂ and designed the entity-relationship of the database and its structure,and then established the historical natural disasters database contained with several areas in China,several dynasties and several kinds of disasters using object-oriented Geodatabase,which realized the description,management and visualization of the data and also made the thematic maps to analyse the distribution of the rate of the occurrence of disasters,and finally published the maps to share the database.This result shows that it is advantageous to put GIS technology to the historical ancient books data organization and realizes the protection,dissemination and utilization of ancient books through information technology.Design and implementation of historical natural disasters database not only provides the basis data to assist the related scientific research work,but also proposes the new idea and method to the study of historical geography.It is beneficial to the cognition of environment and history culture,and can promote the application level of historical geography.