全球变化背景下可持续的滨海旅游资源开发与管理

Sustainable Development and Management of Coastal Tourism Resources under the Background of Global Change

滨海旅游是最传统的、主要的旅游形式,也是现代旅游增长最快的领域,在国内外均具有举足轻重的地位。全球变化很可能是由人类活动引起,并且影响着旅游业的发展。旅游业通过使用交通运输系统尤其是航空旅行、旅游目的地住宿餐饮等活动排放大量温室气体,对全球变化做出贡献。可持续滨海旅游以可持续的资源开发和管理为基础,在全球变化背景下,要达到这一目标,需要在滨海旅游模式与产品类型转变、旅游资源利用方式转变、利益相关者协作等方面对滨海旅游资源进行优化开发和有效管理:以绿色思维指导低碳旅游模式,发展生态旅游和替代性旅游等新型产品;提倡降碳减排、发展碳补偿和碳经济、制定碳排放标准、鼓励新型节油节能科技应用;鼓励社区参与,平衡利益相关者的收益和兴趣,尤其是探察当地社区居民、旅游者和政府工作人员对全球变化的看法、态度、责任感和共识。这些措施将在规划—管理—监督—评估动态模型中得到优化。

Global change is a generally accepted scientific fact which is highly possibly induced by human activities and impacts tourism development.The transportation system especially the aviation consumed by tourists and the accommodation facilities in coastal destinations releases massive greenhouse gases and contributes to global change.The ocean is very important to the human society and economy,and coastal tourism is one of the main human activities occurred in the coastal zone.Coastal tourism is also the most traditional,the fastest growing and major form of tourism which is the world＇s largest industrial（group） now.Coastal tourism resources are rich in China,and coastal tourism plays a decisive role in the marine economy. Sustainable tourism is to satisfy the need of tourist and local community and strengthen the protection of environment and chances of future development at the same time.Hence it is suggested analyze the problems and challenges during the development of coastal tourism resources under the background of global change,and identify the key factors for the future ecological friendly coastal tourism resource development and management under the framework of sustainable development,and for the dynamic model building and the decision making.Change the pattern and products of coastal tourism to develop low carbon coastal tourism based on the idea of ＂green thinking＂.Pay more attention to developments of creative tourism products such as ecotourism and alternative tourism.Change the way of coastal tourism resource utilization by developing low carbon coastal tourism,advocating carbon emission reduction,promoting carbon compensation and carbon economy,and encouraging new energy saving technology application.Take stakeholders＇ collaboration into account which includes encouraging the community involvement,balancing the stakeholders＇ benefits and interests when concerning coastal tourism resource development,especially the local communities＇,tourists＇ and governments＇ way of looking at,attitudes,sense of responsibility and consensus to global change is of vital importance.All the measures should be taken into account and optimized in the process of planning-management-monitoring-evaluation in the dynamic model. Due to the limited available data of the coastal tourism resource development and management under the background of global change,part of the reference data is from the whole tourism research results which are the shortcomings of the research.Considering the continuous attention and thorough research on global change and the status and importance of the coastal tourism resource development and management in the tourism industry,the related research should be strengthened and further spread.