秸秆粉碎还田与化肥配施对冬小麦棵间蒸发的影响

Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Combined with Crushed Straw Application on Soil Evaporation of Winter Wheat

采用微型蒸渗仪测定了冬小麦农田的棵间蒸发量,分析了秸秆粉碎还田与化肥配施和常规施肥两种措施下不同品种冬小麦生育期棵间蒸发量的差异。结果表明:秸秆粉碎还田与化肥配施对棵间蒸发有一定的影响,在各个生育期差异程度有所不同;两种肥料措施的逐日棵间蒸发量规律基本一致;秸秆粉碎还田与化肥配施对棵间蒸发的抑制效果明显,抑制蒸发率在8.02%～11.60%之间,可以使12 mm左右的土壤水分由无效耗水转化为作物蒸腾水;不同品种间的棵间蒸发量差异很小。

The Micro-lysimeters were employed to determine the process of soil evaporation of winter wheat at its growth stages under chemical fertilizer combined with crushed straw（S） and current chemical fertilizer（R）.The effects of S on soil evaporation were investigated in the wheat field,and the differences of soil evaporation were studied among seven varieties of winter wheat.The results showed that the effects of S on soil evaporation varied to a certain degree at different growing stages.The daily soil evaporation existed the same law under S and R and the accumulative soil evaporation under S was lower than the R＇s.The soil evaporation of different winter wheat varieties was inhibited significantly by S,and the ratios of restraining soil evaporation ranged from 8.02% to 11.60%;the amount of evaporation about 12 mm was translated into transpiration owing to the use of S.The soil evaporation of different varieties had no obvious difference and variation.