害虫生物防治新技术--载体植物系统

Banker Plant System: a New Approach for Biological Control of Arthropod Pests

建立一个自我维持并可有效降低害虫种群水平的系统是害虫生物防治长期追求的理想目标。载体植物系统(banker plant system)又称开放式天敌饲养系统,是近年来开发出的一种集保护利用本地天敌、人工繁殖释放天敌以及异地引进天敌等传统技术特点为一体的新型生物防治技术。载体植物(banker plants)、替代食物(alternative foods)和有益生物(beneficial)是该系统的三个基本要素。本文对载体植物和载体植物系统概念、特点以及近年来国际上的研究进展进行了综述,并结合自身的研究实践,举例介绍载体植物系统的应用,以推动国内外对载体植物系统的研究和应用。

Banker plant system（BPS） is a new concept for biological control of arthropod pests.It consists of three key elements： a banker plant,a highly specific alternative host or prey,and one or more natural enemies（predator or parasitoid）.The ideal banker plant should be a non-crop plant that provides resources（alternative prey or nutrient） to sustain natural enemies of arthropod pest.The natural enemies should be specific to the alternative prey and the pest,and are able to disperse to a long distance to attack the pest.The banker plant system uniquely combines the advantages of both augmentative and conservation biological controls in greenhouse or field,it has been shown to be an effective,simple,reliable approach for control of arthropod pests.The use of banker plant system will not require the repeated release of natural enemies and also reduce the cost for purchasing commercial available biocontrol agents.The review is intended to summarize the history,development and potential application of banker plant systems.In our study,the goal is to develop long-term pest suppression of silver-leaf whitefly and two-spotted spider mite in vegetable crops,especially in greenhouse vegetables.Current,these pests have seriously threatened vegetable production.Based on University of Florida studies,the papaya and the corn banker plant system were established in greenhouses.These banker plant systems have several advantages： First,this system provided new option approach for controlling silver-leaf whitefly and two spotted spider mites.The system made growers implement easily,significantly reducing the cost,and did not rely on the availability of commercial biological control agents;Secondly,this system provided highly specific alternative host or prey for supporting natural enemy without risks.Thirdly,this system could be compatible with other pest control methods.The banker plant systems provide the food resources to sustain a reproducing population of natural enemies within a crop system that willprovide natural suppression.This system should be attractive to growers,especially greenhouse vegetable growers.