广西农村饮用水卫生监测体系建立的研究

Establishment of a monitoring system for rural drinking water quality in Guangxi

目的建立我区农村饮用水水质卫生监测体系,为政府及有关部门制定、实施和评估农村饮水安全策略与措施提供科学依据。方法研究建立和完善我区农村饮用水卫生监测体系的基本要素,于2005～2010年连续6年,通过加强体系能力建设,依据国家有关技术方案、标准或规范,对广西农村各种供水类型和水源类型的饮用水进行科学布点,每年分别于丰、枯水期进行采样和检测,逐步完善监测数据管理,建立监测数据报告及反馈制度。结果 2005～2010年,广西农村饮水水质卫生监测网络从2005年的20个县(市、区)逐步扩大至2010年的107个县(市、区),1 000多名市、县级疾病预防控制中心从事农村饮水水质卫生监测管理人员和实验室检验技术人员接受了技术培训,开展农村水质卫生监测工作的能力得到极大增强。至2010年,已在全自治区所有107个涉及农村的县设立3 170个各种供水类型水质监测点开展水质卫生监测工作,较2005年的344个增加了2 826个,年采集和检测水样从2005年的576份上升到2010年的10 854份,检测指标则从2005年的9 792项次,上升到2010年的211 653项次,监测数据全部采用网络直报管理,并形成了良好的监测信息反馈和报告制度,较全面地掌握了全自治区包括农村饮水安全工程在内的农村饮水卫生现状以及影响水质的主要因素。结论广西农村饮用水卫生监测体系已基本建立,有了完善的全区农村饮用水水质卫生监测网络,监测工作在保障农村饮水卫生安全方面已初见成效。

Objective To establish a monitoring system for rural drinking water quality in Guangxi and provide scientific basis for the development of regulations and policies for rural drinking water safety. Methods Through developing and improving the fundamental elements for a monitoring system for rural drinking water quality and in accordance with the national guidelines and standards, all types of water supphes and drinking water sources in rural areas of Guangxi were sampled and tested each year during rainy and dry seasons over a period 2005-2010. A system for reporting and feedback of data from the monitoring was set up and improved. Results The monitoring network was expanded to cover 107 counties （cities and districts） in 2010 from 20 counties （cities and districts） in 2005. Over 1000 relevant personnel at city and county disease control centers underwent technical training, greatly improving their capabilities and monitoring performance. By the end of 2010, all of the 107 counties in Guangxi had set up 3170 points for monitoring the quality of all kinds of water supplies, with an increase of 2826 points compared with 344 in 2005. The annual number of collected water samples rose from 576 in 2005 to 10,854 in 2010. The tested items for water quality increased from 9,792 in 2005 to 211,653 in 2010. The data from the monitoring was reported and managed by network, and thus the data reporting and feedback were well performed, helping to better understand the states of the quality of drinking water and drinking water safety projects in rural areas as well as the risk factors. Conclusion Basically, a monitoring system for rural drinking water quality has been set up in Guangxi. The improved system has achieved initial success in ensuring the safety of rural drinking water.