几何图形类比推理的ERP研究

An ERP Study on Neural Basis of Geometric Analogical Reasoning

该研究以几何图形作为实验材料,测定14名硕士研究生在完成两种类比推理任务(大小变化和颜色变化)和其基线任务时的事件相关电位(ERP),探讨类比推理过程的脑内时程动态变化。研究发现,两种推理任务所诱发的波形基本一致,而推理任务与其基线任务之间的ERP波形存在显著差异,两种基线任务之间的ERP波形也存在显著差异;类比推理的加工过程是有阶段性的,即编码、推断、映射、得出结论,研究结果进一步支持了Sternberg的成分理论;推断和映射这两个类比推理所特有的加工阶段都有其对应的脑机制,图式推断阶段主要激活的是前额皮层和双侧的顶叶皮层,类比映射和调整阶段主要激活的是左半球的颞叶、额叶和中央顶。

The spatiotemporal analysis of brain activation during the execution of two analogical tasks and their respective baseline tasks was investigated using high - density event - related brain potentials （ERPs）. The result shows： the two reasoning tasks elicited the same activation, but their respective baseline tasks elicited the different activation. This suggests that the processes in analogical reasoning include encoding, inference, mapping, adjustment and application operations, and it supports the componential theory. The two parti- cular processes of analogical reasoning including schema induction and analogy mapping have unique neural basis ： schema induction mainly activated the prefrontal cortex and the parietal cortex, analogy mapping and adjustment mainly activated the left temporal lobe, the frontal lobe and central - parietal scalp regions.