广州地区新诊断的2型糖尿病膳食危险因素研究

Study of the dietary risk factors in newly diagnosed T2DM patients in Guangzhou district

目的调查和分析广州地区T2DM的膳食危险因素,为本地区T2DM的防治提供科学依据。方法采取病例对照方法在体检人群中选取新诊断的T2DM病例和对照,每组126例,进行膳食问卷调查,同时进行血清生化及一般体格检查,分析两组间各变量差异,分析T2DM膳食危险因素。结果病例组每日摄入能量(2867.75±748.04)kcal、脂肪(95.99±19.85)g、蛋白质(100.59±29.85)g、膳食胆固醇(334.92±94.63)mg,均显著高于对照组;血清TG、SBP和DBP均高于对照组(P<0.05);膳食纤维每日摄入量则显著低于对照组(P=0.011);两组糖类每日摄入量、血清TC、HDL-C和LDL-C的差异均无统计学意义。结论广州地区人群T2DM的独立危险因素包括膳食脂肪、维生素A、TG及遗传,独立保护因素包括膳食纤维、维生素E、维生素B1、钙摄入和运动。

Objective To investigate the dietary risk factors in T2DM population in Guangzhou district. Method We selected newly-diagnosed T2DM cases（n=126） and healthy controls（n=126）,applied the food frequency questionnaire investigation,and measured TC,TG,HDL,LDL and carried out physical examination,and analyzed the differences between the two groups.Results The daily intakes included： energy （2867.75±748.04）kcal,fat（95.99±19.85）g,protein（100.59±29.85）g,and dietary cholesterol（334.92±94.63）mg.Serum TG,systolic pressure and diastolic pressure were significantly higher in case group than in control group（P〈0.05）,while the intake of dietary fiber was significantly lower in case group（P=0.011）.The differences between the two groups in the aspects of the intakes of carbohydrate,serum TC,HDL-C and LDL-C were not significant（P=0.07）.Conclusion The risk of T2DM decreases by controlling energy intake,depressing the ratio of fatty energy.The dietary pattern may contribute to the increasing prevalence of T2DM in this area.