苏联剧变原因研究中的若干问题辩难

A Retort on some questions in the Area of Researching a Drastic Change of the Soviet Union

探讨苏联剧变的原因是研究苏联剧变的一个重要方面。多年来关于苏联剧变原因的分析存在着诸多说法和争论。就整体来看,探讨苏联兴亡,不能不注意考察"苏联解体"与"苏联剧变"两个概念的含义之别;判断苏联社会制度是否属于社会主义性质,是探讨苏联剧变原因的重要前提;对斯大林和戈尔巴乔夫等人个人历史作用的纠结,正在成为探讨苏联剧变原因难以解开的死结;如何评价苏联社会主义模式或斯大林模式、苏联模式,是探究苏联剧变原因的核心问题所在;各种争论背后潜在的立场、价值观、思维方式和方法等问题,是争论产生的深层原因,也是廓清迷雾的根本所在。

Exploring the causes of a drastic change of the Soviet Union is an important aspect in researching the Soviet Union’s drastic change. For many years, there have been a variety of arguments and debates on the analysis of the causes of the drastic change. Exploring the Soviet Union’s rise and fall as a whole, one cannot pay no attention to the difference of the meaning of the two concepts the ＂Soviet Union’s breakup＂ and the ＂Soviet Union’s drastic change＂. To sit in judgment on whether the Soviet Union’s social system is of a socialist nature or not is an important prerequisite for exploring the causes of its drastic change. Entangling the historical role of Stalin and Gorbachev is becoming a fast knot diffi cult to untie in exploring the causes of the Soviet Union’s drastic change. How to assess the Soviet Union’s socialist mode or Stalin mode or Soviet mode is an essential question in exploring the causes of the Soviet Union’s drastic change. The potential standpoints, values and thinking ways and methods behind all kinds of debates are the underlying reasons produced by disputes and also the roots to clear up mist.