公共建筑中央空调系统对室内空气品质的影响及控制

The Influence on the Indoor Air Quality of Public Buildings Caused by Central Air Conditioning Systems and Controlling Methods

目的为得出公共建筑中央空调系统对室内空气品质的影响,并以此为理论依据进行合理控制.方法利用手持式CO2测试仪等室内污染物测试仪器对沈阳市某些通过中央空调系统供热、制冷的公共建筑室内CO2等污染物的质量浓度进行测试.结果大型超市CO2质量浓度普遍超标、非食物区总挥发性有机化合物(Total Volatile Organic Compound,TVOC)污染较为严重,综合购物中心室内NH3质量浓度偏高,冬季公共建筑室内相对湿度偏低等.结论中央空调系统设计新风量不足、风系统和水系统污染及回风交叉感染等因素,均可对公共建筑室内空气品质产生不良影响并危害人体健康.通过适当增加系统设计新风量、采用湿度优先控制、加强新风与回风处理、合理规划气流组织与空调分区及系统全面清洗等手段能有效控制空调系统对室内环境的污染,改善公共建筑的室内空气品质.

The purpose of the paper is to figure out the influence on the indoor air quality of public buildings caused by central air conditioning systems and how to control this situation.This study tested the indoor CO2 concentration and other contaminants＇ concentrations using handheld CO2 tester and other equipments of some public buildings which use central air conditioning systems for heating and cooling in Shenyang.The results show that CO2 concentrations generally exceed the standard in large supermarkets;non-food areas＇ total volatile organic compound（TVOC）pollution is serious;some comprehensive shopping malls have high ammonia concentrations;the indoor relative humidity of public buildings is low in winter.Certain factors of central air conditioning system such as inadequate fresh air,secondary pollution due to polluted wind/water system and cross-contamination of return air could influence IAQ of public buildings,do harm to people in them.By increasing the fresh air quantity,employing humidity priority control,enhancing fresh/return air handling,planning air current composition and zoning reasonably and cleaning the whole system,we can control the pollution caused by the system effectively,improve the IAQ of public buildings.