住宅厨房卫生间污染物健康风险评价

Risk Assessment and Analysis of the House Kitchen and Bathroom Pollutions to Human Health

目的全面评价烹调油烟污染及卫生间的不利环境对人体健康的影响,以改善厨房、卫生间的空气质量.方法根据沈阳环境检测站对厨房、卫生间污染物的检测结果,采用风险评价方法对其进行暴露评价.通过风险识别、暴露评价、风险表征3个方面对测定结果与标准值的对比分析,并计算污染物的暴露强度,得出不同年龄段人群的日潜在暴露剂量.结果油烟的暴露剂量是最大的,测得的油烟质量浓度为2.59 mg/m3,已超过标准限值.氮氧化物的质量浓度也很高,接近标准限值.结论通过健康风险评价可以了解长期在这种环境下,污染物对人身体的影响程度.从几种致癌物及非致癌物进行暴露剂量计算可知,甲醛、TVOC、CO、CO2、NO2、氨气这几种物质的暴露剂量都不高,短期内不会对人身体产生危害,对于室内空气品质的深入研究提供了参考.

The paper presents the overall assessment for the impact of cooking fume pollutants and harmful environment of bathroom on human health so that the IAQ of the house kitchen and bathroom can be im- proved. On the basis of the kitchen and bathroom pollutant detected results in Shenyang Environmental Mo- nitoring Station, risk assessment methods were utilized to the Exposure Assessment. The comparative analy- ses between detected results and the standard values were considered through three aspects, which were risk identification, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. Furthermore, in order to obtain the potential ex- posure dose in different age groups, the intensity of exposure to pollutants was calculated. We can conclude that the lampblack exposure dose is the maximum and the mass concentration of lampblack is 2. 59 mg/m3 , which has exceeded the standard limit. The mass concentration of oxynitride is also high, which is close to the standard limits. The affect of pollutants on human health can be known by health risk assessment in long- term staying in this environment. By the calculation of the exposure doses of the cancerogen and uncancero- gen we can conclude that HCHO, TVOC, CO, CO2, NO2, and ammonia were not high in the exposure processes and would not be harmful to human body in a short time. Health risk assessment is brought in the IAQ research and provides the reference for the IAQ.