硅磷优化施肥模式对广西赤红壤甘蔗产量和品质的影响

Effects of Optimum Fertilization Model between Silicon and Phosphorus on Yield and Quality of Sugarcane in Lateritic Red Earth Area of Guangxi

[目的]研究硅磷优化施肥模式对广西赤红壤甘蔗产量和品质的影响,为建立广西甘蔗生态高值栽培技术提供科学依据。[方法]采取二次回归D-最优设计在广西隆安蔗地进行甘蔗田间试验,运用SAS统计分析软件对试验结果进行回归分析,建立多项式回归模型,并通过计算机程序对模型进行仿真寻优,寻求适合甘蔗营养模式的最佳硅磷配比。[结果]在该试验条件下,施磷及硅磷配施有利于甘蔗分蘖和生长,有较多的有效茎,并可获得较高的甘蔗产量和较优的品质。用SAS统计分析软件进行分析,得甘蔗产量(Y)、蔗糖产量(SY)与磷素(X1)、硅素(X2)之间的回归模型:Y=110 096.92+4 356.91X1+2 007.65X2-1 592.35X1X2-5 461.33X21-7 442.09X22,R=0.914;SY=16 471.85+903.65X1+424.26X2-99.02X1X2-1 170.08X21-1 256.96X22,R=0.930;该试验所建立的甘蔗产量和蔗糖产量回归数学模型与当地实际情况拟合较好,具有较强的实用性,可用作当地甘蔗施肥决策和预报。采用计算机进行寻优,分别得到甘蔗产量和蔗糖产量最佳的营养模式,即当磷硅肥用量分别为281.3 kg(P2O5)/hm2和405.0 kg(SiO2)/hm2(P2O5∶SiO2=1∶1.44)时,得到最佳蔗茎产量和蔗糖产量,分别为109 405.6和16 682.3 kg/hm2。[结论]适合于广西赤红壤区土壤条件的甘蔗硅磷最佳组合方案281.3kg(P2O5)/hm2和405.0 kg(SiO2)/hm2(P2O5∶SiO2=1∶1.44)。

[ Objective J The aim was to study the effects of optimum fertilization model between silicon and phosphorus on yield and quality of sugarcane in Lateritic Red Earth Area of Guangxi, to provide a scientific basis for establishing a high value and ecological cultivation of sugarcane in Guangxi. [ Method ] A field experiment was carried out by the quadratic regression D-optimal design in Long＇ an county, Guangxi. The polynomial regression models of fertilizers application and quadratic of two factors were established by using SAS statistical analysis software, and optimum nutrient simulation,models of sugarcane were obtained by computer processing in seeking the best ratio of silicon and phosphorus for sugarcane nutrition. [ Result] The results showed that combined application of silicon and phosphorus fertilizer contributed to tillering and growth of sugarcane. And in this condition of experiment, it showed some good characters with more productive stem, higher yield and better quality of sugarcane. The regression models of stem yield （Y）, sugar yield （SY） and P （X1 ）, Si （X2 ） were established by using SAS statistical analysis software, which were Y= 110 096. 92 ＋4 356. 91X1 ＋2 007. 65X2 - 1 592. 35X1X2 -5 461.33X2： -7 442. 09XX（^2,2） ,R = 0. 914;SY = 16 471.85 .＋ 903.65X1 ＋ 424. 26X2 -99. 02X1X2 - 1 170. 08XX（^2,1） - 1 256. 96XX（^2,2）,R = 0. 930, respectively. The regression mathe- matics models of sugarcane yield and sugar yield were better fitting with actual situation in the locality, and have higher practical value, so it can be used for fertilizer decision and forecast. The optimizing nutrition model of yield and sugar yield were acquired via computer optimization, respectively, when the dosage of phosphorus and silicon were 281.3 kg （ P2O5 ）/hm^2 and 405.0 kg （ SiO2 ） / hm^2 （ P205 ： Si02 = 1 ： 1.44）, respectively, the sugarcane yield and sugar yield were 109 405.6 and 16 682.3 kg,/hm2. [ Conclusion ] The best combination between silicon and phosphorus of sugarcane, suitable to soil condition in Lateritic Red Earth Area of Guangxi, was 281.3 kg （ P2O5 ）/hm^2 and 405.0 kg （SiO,）/hm^2（p2o5： SiO2 = 1： 1.44）.